Tuesday, October 27, 2009

Various views of Management

MANAGEMENT as ARTS or SCIENCE or MIXTURE of BOTH

MANAGEMENT as ARTS

Art is the application of practical knowledge and skill to achieve a concrete result.It is practice oriented. In practice,it involves certain skills,particularly human relation skills which cannot be reduced to a common formula.Management is an art because it requires innovation,intuition and judgement.

G.R.Terry states that art is " bringing about of a desired result through the application of skill."
Harold Koontz states, "Art is the application of knowledge to reality with a view to accomplishing some concrete results ordinarily with compromise,blend and design to get the best result."


MANAGEMENT as SCIENCE
Science means systematised body of knowledge acquired through experimentation and observation.It is a systematised body of knowledge relating to a specific field which is acquired by mankind through experimentation and observation, the validity of which can be tested and verified.The basis of Science is to search for information by means of determining the cause and effect relationship through experimentation and observation.
Prof. Keynes states, "Science is systematised body of knowledge which established relationship between cause and effect."
Koontz and O'Donnell state, "The essential feature of science is that knowledge has been systematised through the application of scientific method."



MANAGEMENT as MIXTURE of BOTH, SCIENCE and ART
Science means systematised body of knowledge relating to a specific field which is acquired by mankind to search for information by means of determining the cause and effect relationship of two or more variables through experimentation and observation, the validity of which can be tested and verified. Art is the application of practical knowledge and skill particularly human relation skills to achieve a concrete result because it requires innovation,intuition and judgement. Management can be regarded as both Science and Arts because it combines the features of both of them. In fact, science and art are not mutually exclusive but complimentary to each other.Science without art is a waste and art without science, is misleading. Science is 'to know' Art is 'to do' hence should go hand in hand.

Management is not a pure science but a social or applied science as Principles of flexibility or the Principles of exceptions are seen there where as pure science is rigid.